LOS FUNDAMENTOS MENGERIANOS DE LA ESCUELA AUSTRIACA DE ECONOMÍA Y LA TEORÍA AUSTRIACA DEL CICLO ECONÓMICO: VÍNCULOS Y CONTROVERSIAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52195/pm.v18i1.707Resumen
La teoría austriaca del ciclo económico (ABCT), basada en las ideas de Böhm-Bawerk y Mises, se ha convertido en una de las ideas teóricas centrales de la Escuela Austriaca de Economía. La crisis de 2008 pareció dar la razón a la ABCT. No obstante, el daño relativamente pequeño causado por la crisis y la expansión económica más larga jamás vista, refutaron las advertencias sobre la hiperinflación y el colapso de la civilización.El objetivo de este artículo es explicar la causa del relativo éxito del sistema monetario basado en la creación de crédito mediante la reconstrucción del marco teórico original mengeriano combinado con las ideas misesianas.En primer lugar, el artículo reconstruye los principales pilares de pensamiento de Carl Menger. Se analiza cómo el pensamiento post-Mengeriano se bifurcó en dos conceptos contradictorios en relación al papel del sistema de créditos; por una parte la teoría de Schumpeter y, por otra, la de Mises. El artículo muestra cómo Schumpeter distorsionó el pensamiento mengeriano original para explicar los ciclos económicos, mientras que Mises, bajo la influencia de Böhm-Bawerk, descartó algunos supuestos clave de Menger; por ello la ABCT refleja en menor grado los impactos del boom empresarial permitido por la expansión del crédito. En la discusión, propongo una reforma de ABCT, basada en la combinación del marco original mengeriano y las ideas misesianas. Esta reconceptualización de ABTC explica por qué no se ha producido una fase de hiperinflación a pesar de la expansión del sistema de créditos de las últimas décadas, y advierte de que el peligro real no es la hiperinflación sino el surgimiento de un gobierno omnipotente sobre la base de la expansión del sistema de créditos que allane el camino hacia la servidumbre.
Palabras clave: Teoría Austriaca del Ciclo Económico, Escuela Austriaca de Economía.
Clasificación JEL: A10, B13, B53, D50, E14, E32, E58, P16xí.
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